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, as per (this article ) on the MTA's webpage, which clearly states that the new and old South Ferry stations are considered two stations: "Flood mitigation work begins on seven ... low-lying Lower Manhattan subway stations, including ... South Ferry (currently closed), Old South Ferry Loop Station (brought back into operation)." * Closed stations are usually not counted (except for Cortlandt Street (IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line), which is counted by the MTA). Without counting Cortlandt Street, the figure is stations (or by international standards). * Both the Chambers Street – World Trade Center (IND Eighth Avenue Line) and Canal Street (BMT Broadway Line) stations are considered two stations each by the MTA, but are considered by others to be one station each. If both of them are counted as one station each, the number of stations in the New York City Subway is stations (or by international standards).〕 〔〔 (when compared to international standards) 5 under construction〔One of these stations is an existing IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line station being completely rebuilt. The other four stations are truly new stations.〕 14 planned〔 | ridership = 5,597,551 (weekdays, 2014) 3,233,114 (Saturdays, 2014) 2,662,791 (Sundays, 2014)〔 | annual_ridership = 1,751,287,621 (2014)〔 | website = | operator = New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) | began_operation = October 27, 1904 (first underground section) July 3, 1868 (first elevated, rapid transit operation) October 9, 1863 (first railroad operation)〔The IRT main line, which is considered to be the first New York City "subway" line, opened in 1904; however, the Ninth Avenue Line, a predecessor elevated railroad line, operated its first trial run on July 3, 1868, according to ''Facts and Figures 1979–80'', published by the New York City Transit Authority (See also nycsubway.org ), and the West End Line railroad opened in 1863. A small portion of the latter line's original right-of-way is still in daily use near Coney Island. (thethirdrail.net )〕 | vehicles = 6,384 | train_length = | headway = Peak hours: 2–5 minutes Off-peak: 10–20 minutes | system_length = 〔(route length) 〔(track length, revenue) 〔(track length, total) | notrack = | track_gauge = | el = 625V (DC) third rail〔 (600V third rail for some lines) | average_speed = 〔http://greatergreaterwashington.org/post/5183/average-schedule-speed-how-does-metro-compare/〕 | top_speed = 〔 | map = frameless | map_state = }} The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority,〔Hood, Clifton. 722 Miles. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.〕 a subsidiary agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations and the most trackage. It offers rail service 24 hours per day and every day of the year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How to Ride the Subway )〕 The New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world by number of stations, with (, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introduction to Subway Ridership )〕 Stations are located throughout the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx. While Staten Island does have a rail line, the Staten Island Railway, it is not officially considered part of the subway, due to its lack of any direct rail link with the subway system, so any passengers wishing to reach another borough must take a ferry or bus. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson and the AirTrain JFK, in Manhattan and Queens respectively, accept the subway's MetroCard but are not part of the subway; thus, free transfers are not allowed. The system is also one of the world's longest. Overall, the system contains of routes,〔 translating into of revenue track;〔〔 and a total of including non-revenue trackage.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Facts & Figures - Subways )〕 By annual ridership, the New York City Subway is the busiest rapid transit rail system in the United States and in the Western world, as well as the seventh busiest rapid transit rail system in the world; the metro (subway) systems in Beijing, Seoul, Shanghai, Moscow, Tokyo, and Guangzhou record a higher annual ridership. In 2014, the subway delivered over 1.75 billion rides, averaging approximately 5.6 million daily rides on weekdays and a combined 5.9 million rides each weekend (3.2 million on Saturdays; 2.7 million on Sundays).〔 Ridership continues to increase, and on September 23, 2014, more than 6.1 million people rode the subway system, establishing the highest single-day ridership since ridership was regularly monitored in 1985.〔Highest daily ridership since public takeover. In the first half of the 20th century, ridership was significantly higher.〕 All services pass through Manhattan except for the train, the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, and the Rockaway Park Shuttle. Large portions of the subway outside Manhattan are elevated, on embankments, or in open cuts, and a few stretches of track run at ground level. In total, 40% of track is not underground despite the "subway" moniker. Many lines and stations have both express and local services. These lines have three or four tracks. Normally, the outer two are used for local trains, while the inner one or two are used for express trains. Stations served by express trains are typically major transfer points or destinations. == History == (詳細はAlfred Ely Beach in 1869. His Beach Pneumatic Transit only extended under Broadway in Lower Manhattan and exhibited his idea for a subway propelled by pneumatic tube technology. The tunnel was never extended for political and financial reasons, although extensions had been planned to take the tunnel southward to The Battery and northwards towards the Harlem River.〔 (extract from ''Scientific American'' March 5, 1870)〕 The Beach subway was demolished when the BMT Broadway Line was built in the 1910s; thus, it was not integrated into the New York City Subway system. The Great Blizzard of 1888 helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. The first underground line of the subway opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. Opening prices for a ride cost riders $0.05 and in the first day alone carried over 150,000 passengers. The oldest structure still in use opened in 1885 as part of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line in Brooklyn and is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line. The oldest right-of-way, that of the BMT West End Line, was in use in 1863 as a steam railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT)) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). The city was closely involved: all lines built for the IRT and most other lines built or improved for the BRT after 1913 were built by the city and leased to the companies. The first line of the city-owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932; this system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down, but stayed within the core of the City due to the low amount of startup capital provided to the municipal Board of Transportation (the later MTA) by the state.〔 This required it to be run 'at cost', necessitating fares up to double the five-cent fare popular at the time. In 1940, the two private systems were bought by the city and some elevated lines ceased service immediately while others closed soon after. Integration was slow, but several connections were built between the IND and BMT; these now operate as one division called the B Division. Since the IRT tunnels, sharper curves, and stations are too small and therefore can not accommodate B Division cars, the IRT remains its own division, the A Division. However, many passenger transfers between stations of all three former companies have been created, allowing the entire network to be treated as a single unit. The New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), a public authority presided by New York City, was created in 1953 to take over subway, bus, and streetcar operations from the city, and placed under control of the state-level Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1968. Organized in 1934 by transit workers of the BRT, IRT, and IND, the Transport Workers Union of America Local 100 remains the largest and most influential local of the labor union. Since the union's founding, there have been three union strikes over contract disputes with the MTA, 12 days in 1966, 11 days in 1980, and three days in 2005. By the 1970s and 1980s, the New York City Subway was at an all-time low.〔nycsubway.org — (The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s )〕〔nycsubway.org — (The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s )〕 Ridership had dropped to 1910s levels, and graffiti and crime was rampant on the subway; in general, the subway was very poorly maintained during that time, and delays and track problems were common. Still, the NYCTA managed to open six new subway stations in the 1980s, as well as order 1,775 new, graffiti-free subway cars. By the early 1990s, conditions had improved significantly, although maintenance backlogs accumulated during those 20 years are still being fixed today.〔 As the system entered the 21st century, it continued to progress despite weathering several disasters. The September 11 attacks resulted in service disruptions on lines running through Lower Manhattan, particularly the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line, which ran directly underneath the World Trade Center between the Chambers Street and Rector Street stations. Sections of the tunnel, as well as the Cortlandt Street station, which was directly underneath the Twin Towers, were severely damaged by the collapse and had to be rebuilt, requiring suspension of service on that line south of Chambers Street. Ten other nearby stations were closed while dust and debris were cleaned up. By March 2002, seven of those stations had reopened. The rest (except for Cortlandt Street on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line) reopened on September 15, 2002, along with service south of Chambers Street.〔Kennedy, Randy. ("Tunnel Vision; With Station's Reopening, Even Commuters Smile" ), ''The New York Times'', September 17, 2002. Accessed October 6, 2007.〕〔(Brian Abbott. September 11: Three Years Later. ) Several maps showing changes in lower Manhattan from July 2001 to September 2002.〕 In 2012, Hurricane Sandy wreaked havoc on the subway system, flooding several underwater tunnels and other vulnerable locations near New York Harbor. Although the immediate damage was fixed within six months, long-term resiliency and rehabilitation projects continue to this day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New York City Subway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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